雨天

          UN第二步：〈大西洋憲章〉1941.08.14 Atlantic Conference-1 雲程眉批： 《大西洋憲章》是二次大戰盟國組成的最早一份法律文件。凡加入盟國者莫不宣示遵守《大西洋憲章》。 特別重要的是，盟國宣示不因此戰爭而擴張領土。這是美國未曾擴張領土兼併日本沖繩、日本太平洋委任統治地，以及其他領土的基本依據之一。此條原則也適用於英國，與包括中國在內的其他國家。 二次大戰是一次大戰的「二部曲」，一次大戰之所以發生，近因固然是那顆暗殺塞爾維亞王儲的子彈，遠因卻是歐洲帝國瘋狂擴張領土的衝突結果。因此，領土擴張是插在世界和平身上的匕首，口口聲聲氣球世界和平的國家與領袖，當然不能擴張領土兼併他處了。 台灣問題產生於二次大戰，中國若兼併台灣顯然違 設計裝潢反《大西洋憲章》，這是邱吉爾完全不同意所謂「開羅宣言」的原因，也是維護世界和平的關鍵之一。 《大西洋憲章》簽署於8月14日，二次大戰，結束於8月15日，應為同一日。有趣的「巧合」。 Atlantic Conference-2 《大西洋憲章》1941.08.14 美國總統羅斯福、英帝國政府代表首相邱吉爾會晤之結果，咸認為有將兩國之國策共同之點加以宣布之必要，因彼等認為根據此項政策，世界之局勢有改變之希望也。 一、兩國不自行擴張軍力或領土或其他。 First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; 二、凡未經有關人民自由意志所同意之領土改變，兩國不願其實現 景觀設計。 Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; 三、尊重各民族自由，決定其所賴以生存之政府形式之權利，各民族中此項權利有橫遭剝奪者，俱欲使其恢復原有主權與自主政府。 四、力使世界各國不論大小，不論勝利或潰敗，對於貿易及原料之取得，俱享受平等待遇，兩國對各國現有之組織亦當尊重。 五、希望促成世界各國在經濟方面之全面合作，以提高勞力標準、經濟進步與社會安全。 六、待納粹之專制宣告最後之毀滅後，希望可以重建和平，使各國俱能在其疆土以內安居樂業，並使全世界所有人類悉有自由生活、 關鍵字廣告無所恐懼、亦不虞缺乏之保證。 七、所有各民族應可在公海及大洋自由來往，不受阻礙。 八、兩國相信：全球各國無論為實際原因或精神上之原因，必須放棄使用武力，蓋國際間倘仍有國家繼續使用陸、海、空軍軍備，致在邊境以外實施侵略威脅，或有此可能，則和平勢難保持。兩國相信：在廣泛永久之普遍安全制度未建立前，此等國軍軍備之解除，實屬必要。同時，兩國當試行一切切實之措置，以減少愛好和平各民族因軍備關係所忍受之重大負擔。 簽署者：佛蘭克林‧羅斯福、文斯敦‧邱吉爾 table.MsoNormalTable {font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";} 【相關文件】 UN第一步同盟國宣言1941.06.12 UN第二步大 會場佈置西洋憲章1941.08.14 UN第三步聯合國宣言1942.01.01 UN第四步聯合國憲章 1945.06.26（10.24生效） THE ATLANTIC CHARTER The following statement signed by the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Great Britain is released for the information of the Press: The President of the United States and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, have met at sea. They have been accompanied by officials of their two Governments, including high ranking officers of the Military, Naval and Air Services The whole problem of the supp 結婚西裝ly of munitions of war, as provided by the Lease-Lend Act, for the armed forces of the United States and for those countries actively engaged in resisting aggression has been further examined. Lord Beaverbrook, the Minister of Supply of the British Government, has joined in these conferences. He is going to proceed to Washington to discuss further details with appropriate officials of the United States Government. These conferences will also cover the supply problems of the Soviet Union. The President and the Prime Minister have had several conferences They have considered the dangers to world civilization arising f 買房子rom the policies of military domination by conquest upon which the Hitlerite government of Germany and other governments associated therewith have embarked, and have made clear the stress which their countries are respectively taking for their safety in the face of these dangers. They have agreed upon the following joint declaration: (2) Joint declaration of the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on w 褐藻醣膠hich they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on e 會場佈置qual terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the objector securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the 售屋網high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measures which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT WINSTON S. CH 太平洋房屋URCHILL  .